Village Officer vs Chunayamakkal Joseph
Village Officer vs Chunayamakkal Joseph - Supreme Court Judgment 2022 -
REPORTABLE
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION
CIVIL APPEAL NO. 207 OF 2022
Village Officer and others …Appellants
Versus
Chunayamakkal Joseph and another …Respondents
J U D G M E N T
M.R. SHAH, J.
1. Feeling aggrieved and dissatisfied with the impugned judgment
and order dated 23.11.2017 passed by the High Court of Kerala at
Ernakulam in Writ Appeal No. 29/2011, by which the Division Bench of
the High Court has dismissed the said appeal preferred by the
appellants herein and has not interfered with the judgment and order
dated 8.7.2010 passed by the learned Single Judge of the High Court in
Writ Petition (C) No.11252/2008, by which the learned Single Judge
directed the appellants herein to accept the basic tax from the
respondents herein – original writ petitioners under the provisions of the
Kerala Land Tax Act, 1961 (hereinafter referred to as the ‘1961 Act’) with
respect to the lands in question, the Village Officer, Kannur District,
Kerala and others have preferred the present appeal.
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2. The facts leading to the present appeal in a nutshell are as under:
That the Kerala Private Forests (Vesting and Assignment) Act,
1971 (hereinafter referred to as the ‘1971 Act’) came into force in the
year 1971. Section 3 of the 1971 Act provides that notwithstanding
anything contained in any other law for the time being in force, or in any
contract or other document, but subject to the provisions of sub-sections
(2) and (3), with effect on and from the appointed day, the ownership and
possession of all private forests in the State of Kerala shall by virtue of
the 1971 Act stand transferred to and vested in the Government free
from all encumbrances, and the right, title and interest of the owner or
any other person in any private forest shall stand extinguished. Section
4 of the 1971 Act provides that all vested forests are deemed Reserved
Forests.
2.1 The area/land in question was notified as vested Forest on
8.7.1977 under Section 4 of the 1971 Act. That the Land Tribunal,
Thaliparamba (hereinafter referred to as the ‘Land Tribunal”) issued
Purchase Certificates in favour of the respondents herein in respect of
12 acres of land in R.S. No. 292/1A in Naduvil village. That the
Tahsildar, Taliparamba and the Taluk Surveyor, Taliparamba inspected
the schedule property and surveyed the area. It was found that part of
the property involved in the patta was actually the vested forest in R.S.
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No. 292/1A in Naduvil village. The survey sketch was produced before
the Land Tribunal in the objections filed by the Forest department before
the Land Tribunal.
2.2 Thereafter, the respondents herein filed OA Nos. 13/1986 and
14/1986 before the Forest Tribunal, Kozhikode (hereinafter referred to as
the ‘Forest Tribunal’), constituted under the 1971 Act. A counter affidavit
was filed on behalf of the appellants to the aforesaid OAs before the
Forest Tribunal.
2.3 Based on the decision of the District Development Committee, a
site inspection of the property was conducted on 25.9.1989. It was
reported by the Deputy Collector vide letter dated 30.09.1989 addressed
to the District Collector that the survey rock mark has been destroyed
and that a refixation of the boundary is absolutely necessary. The
respondents herein submitted a representation to the District Collector,
Kannur to remedy their grievance.
2.4 The OAs filed by the respondents herein came to be dismissed by
the Forest Tribunal vide order dated 12.3.1990. Thereafter as per the
decision of the District Development Committee, the Taluk Surveyor,
Taliparamba conducted a survey of the area on 30.5.1991 and re-fixed
the boundary of the land in the possession of the respondents and the
vested forest. Subsequently, notices were issued to the respondents on
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23.12.1992 to show cause as to why the earlier decision granting
Purchase Certificates should not be re-opened/cancelled. The said
notices were challenged by the respondents before the High Court by
way of O.P. No. 2678/1993. The High Court disposed of the said OP No.
2678/1993 vide order dated 9.9.1998 directing the authorities to
complete the proceedings initiated.
2.5 Thereafter the Land Tribunal, vide order dated 16.4.2002,
cancelled the order of assignment of jenmam rights and the Purchase
Certificates issued to the respondents. The said order was passed in
O.A. No. 2745 of 1973 in a reopened case in the year 1992, which was
reopened in view of order dated 21.11.1990 of the Secretary, State Land
Board, Thiruvananthapuram to review the assignment of jenmam rights
ordered on vested forest land in O.A. No. 2745/1973 dated 29.6.1974 of
the Land Tribunal No. III, Taliparamba. Against the aforesaid order, the
respondents filed appeals before the appellate authority, which
remanded the matter to the Tribunal.
2.6 Subsequently, the respondents filed O.S. No. 2/2005 and 3/2005
before the Munsiff’s Court, Taliparamba seeking for a permanent
prohibitory injunction. The learned Munsiff’s Court decreed the suits.
However, the judgments and decrees passed by the learned Munsiff’s
Court were set aside by the Subordinate Judge’s Court, Payyannur. The
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second appeals filed against the judgment of the Subordinate Judge’s
Court came to be dismissed by the High Court holding that the civil Court
has no jurisdiction as per Section 13 of the 1971 Act in respect of
matters which are to be decided by the Forest Tribunal constituted under
the said Act.
2.7 Instead of initiating any further proceedings under the 1971 Act,
the respondents filed Writ Petition No. 11252/2008 before the learned
Single Judge of the High Court and prayed for a writ of mandamus
directing original respondent no.1 – appellant no.1 herein to accept the
basic tax of the properties from them. Before the learned Single Judge,
it was the case on behalf of the respondents that they are in possession
of the disputed properties and that their possession has been admitted
by the authorities in their affidavits filed in earlier proceedings being O.A.
Nos. 13 & 14 of 1986. Therefore, it was submitted that when they are in
possession of the properties in question, the revenue authorities are
obliged and bound to accept the basic tax, leviable under the 1961 Act.
2.8 That the said writ petition was opposed by the Divisional Forest
Officer, Kannur. A written statement was filed by the Divisional Forest
Officer, Kannur wherein it was specifically stated that the respondents
herein have no right over the forest land vested with the government.
That vide judgment and order dated 8.7.2010, learned Single Judge
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allowed the said writ petition and directed the Village Officer – appellant
no.1 herein to accept the basic tax from the respondents herein solely on
the basis of the affidavits filed in the earlier proceedings in OA Nos. 13 &
14 of 1986.
2.9 Feeling aggrieved and dissatisfied with the judgment and order
passed by the learned Single Judge allowing the writ petition and
directing appellant no.1 herein – Village Officer, Kannur to accept the
basic tax from the respondents payable under the 1961 Act, the
appellants preferred writ appeal before the Division Bench of the High
Court. By the impugned judgment and order, the Division Bench of the
High Court has dismissed the said appeal by observing that the learned
Single Judge has simply directed to accept the basic tax from the
respondents and that the learned Single Judge has granted the relief by
referring to the affidavits filed by the State authorities filed in the earlier
round of litigation in OA Nos. 13 & 14 of 1986 and therefore no
interference of the appellate Court is called for.
2.10 Feeling aggrieved and dissatisfied with the impugned judgment
and order passed by the Division Bench of the High Court dismissing the
appeal and not interfering with the judgment and order passed by the
learned Single Judge, by which the learned Single Judge directed the
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revenue authorities to accept the basic tax from the respondents, the
Village Officer, Kannur and others have preferred the present appeal.
3. Learned counsel appearing on behalf of the appellants has
vehemently submitted that both, the Division Bench of the High Court as
well as the learned Single Judge of the High Court have not appreciated
that the disputed land in question is vested with the forest department
and it is a private forest land for which a notification has been issued as
far back as in the year 1975 and therefore there is no question of
accepting any basic tax from the respondents herein.
3.1 It is submitted that both, the Division Bench of the High Court as
well as the learned Single Judge have materially erred in not
appreciating the fact that before the appropriate authority – Forest
Tribunal, the respondents have lost and the matter has not been carried
further. The jenmam rights and Purchase Certificates in respect of the
respondents have been cancelled and the same has attained finality.
3.2 It is submitted that so long as the land in question is vested with
the forest department pursuant to the notification issued under the 1971
Act and the jenmam rights and purchase certificates in favour of the
respondents herein have been cancelled, respondent nos. 1 & 2 herein
have no right, title or interest in the property in question and therefore
there is no question of accepting any basic tax from them.
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3.3 It is further submitted that even the judgments and decrees passed
by the Munsiff’s Court granting permanent injunction in favour of the
respondents have been set aside by the Subordinate Judge’s Court,
which has been affirmed by the High Court in a second appeal holding
that civil Court has no jurisdiction and the dispute in respect of forest
land is to be decided by the Forest Tribunal constituted under the 1971
Act. It is submitted that thereafter no further proceedings are initiated by
the respondents herein under the provisions of the 1971 Act.
3.4 It is further submitted that the High Court has not properly
appreciated the mala fide intention on the part of the respondents in
seeking a writ of mandamus directing the revenue authorities to accept
the basic tax. It is submitted that the High Court ought to have
appreciated that by asking such a writ of mandamus, respondent nos. 1
& 2 wanted to establish their right and ownership over the land which as
such is vested with the Government/Forest Department, pursuant to the
notification issued in the year 1975, by which the land in question is
declared as a forest land. It is therefore submitted that the High Court
has committed a grave error in issuing a writ of mandamus directing the
revenue authorities to accept the basic tax from respondent nos. 1 & 2
herein.
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4. The present appeal is vehemently opposed by the learned counsel
appearing on behalf of the respondents.
4.1 It is submitted that the properties involved in this case are two
pieces of land of 12 acres each owned and possessed by the
respondents, who are the writ petitioners before the High Court.
4.2 It is submitted that the said properties originally belonged to C.K.
Kerala Varma Raja in Jenm. That the respondents initially obtained
possession of the properties in the year 1956 on leasehold rights and
they were regularly paying tax, enjoying the properties by residing
therein and effecting improvements and cultivating rubber, pepper,
coffee, etc. It is submitted that thereafter the respondents herein
obtained the said properties assigned in their favour by certificates of
purchase issued by the Land Tribunal under the Kerala Land Reforms
Act in recognition of their status as cultivating tenants of the said
properties as defined under the said Act. It is submitted that thus the
respective lands in question stood assigned to them by virtue of Ex. P1
and P2 produced before the High Court. It is submitted that the learned
Single Judge also observed in the judgment that though the said
certificates of purchase were cancelled subsequently, the appellate
authority set aside the said order of cancellation and remanded the
matter to the Land Tribunal.
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4.3 It is submitted that Section 8 of the 1971 Act deals with “Settlement
of Disputes”. As per section 3(1) of the said Act, “private forest” shall
stand vest in Government. The term “private forest” is defined under
section 2(f) of the 1971 Act and it excludes, inter alia, the lands which
are used principally for the cultivation of tea, coffee, cocoa, rubber etc.
and lands used for any purpose ancillary to the cultivation of such crops
or for the preparation of the same for the market. It is submitted that as
per section 8 if there is any dispute as to whether the land is a “private
forest” or any “private forest” or any portion thereof has vested in the
Government or not, the concerned person may apply to the Forest
Tribunal. It is submitted that in the two OAs filed by the respondents, the
Divisional Forest Officer (Custodian of vested forests) filed two separate
counter affidavits in which he specifically admitted the possession of the
respondents. It is therefore submitted that the High Court has rightly
relied upon the aforesaid two counter affidavits filed by the Divisional
Forest Officer and has rightly directed the revenue authorities - Village
Officer to accept the basic tax payable under the 1961 Act from the
respondents.
4.4 It is submitted that once the appellants herein admitted in their
counter affidavits filed before the Forest Tribunal that there are
certificates of purchase in favour of the respondents and that they are in
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possession of 12 acres each and that the department does not have a
claim over the said properties, there is no “dispute for settlement” so as
to be raised or settled under section 8 of the 1971 Act and therefore the
dismissal of the two OAs by the Forest Tribunal on the ground of
limitation is inconsequential.
4.5 Making the above submissions, it is prayed to dismiss the present
appeal.
5. We have heard learned counsel for the respective parties at
length.
5.1 At the outset, it is required to be noted that the respondents herein
filed writ petition before the learned Single Judge for a writ of mandamus
directing the revenue authorities and more particularly the Village Officer
to accept the basic tax leviable under section 5 of the 1961 Act with
respect to the lands in question. The said writ petition was filed on the
premise that they are the owner and in possession of the disputed land
and jenmam rights and purchase certificates were issued in their favour
and that their possession and ownership have been admitted by the
Divisional Forest Officer in the two counter affidavits filed before the
Tribunal in OA Nos. 13 & 14 of 1986. The High Court has accepted the
same and issued a writ of mandamus directing the revenue authorities –
Village Officer to accept the basic tax from the respondents herein. That
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the said judgment and order passed by the learned Single Judge has
been affirmed by the Division Bench of the High Court, by the impugned
judgment and order.
5.2 However, the High Court has not at all appreciated and/or
considered the fact that as such the jenmam rights and purchase
certificates which were earlier issued in the years 1975 & 1979 in favour
of the respondents have been cancelled by the appropriate authority.
The High Court has also not appreciated the fact that as such a
notification has been issued under Rule 2A of the Kerala Private Forest
(Tribunal) Rules, 1972 (hereinafter referred to as the ‘1972 Rules’) and
the lands in question have been declared as a “private forest land”, vide
notification issued in the year 1977. It is to be noted that the private
respondent nos. 1 & 2 herein filed an application under Section 8 of the
1971 Act challenging the said notification and vesting of the lands in
question as a private forest land and declaring the same as a forest land,
however, the said application came to be dismissed by the Forest
Tribunal, vide order dated 12.3.1990 and thereafter there is no challenge
to the aforesaid notification including the land in question as a vested
forest land.
6. The High Court has also not appreciated that in order dated
16.4.2002 passed by the Land Tribunal cancelling the order of
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assignment of jenmam rights and certificates of purchase, the Land
Tribunal specifically observed that OA applicants failed to establish
tenancy rights claimed by them and the survey plan clearly shows that
the lands in question are covered by the vested forest land of the
government. Thus, as per the Land Tribunal, respondent nos. 1 & 2
herein cannot claim any right over the disputed lands in question. Once
the notification issued under Section 2A of the 1972 Rules declaring the
lands in question as vested forest land stands and as on today there is
no jenmam rights and/or purchase certificates in favour of the
respondents herein with respect to the lands in question, respondent
nos. 1 & 2 herein cannot be said to be the owner and/or cannot be said
to be having a valid title in their favour and therefore there is no question
of any acceptance of basic tax from them, leviable under the 1961 Act.
It appears that by asking such a relief of writ of mandamus directing the
Village Officer/revenue authorities to accept the basic tax from them, the
original writ petitioners – respondents herein want to create
title/ownership in their favour. Any dispute with respect to the forest land
can only be settled under Section 8 of the 1971 Act. Therefore, the High
Court has not properly appreciated the mala fide intention on the part of
the respondents to pray for such a writ of mandamus and indirectly
establishing their right, title and ownership over the disputed lands in
question which, as such, is declared as a vested forest land as far back
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as in the years 1975/1977, pursuant to the notification issued under Rule
2A of the 1972 Rules.
7. In view of the above and for the reasons stated above, the
impugned judgments and orders passed by the Division Bench of the
High Court as well as by the learned Single Judge are not sustainable
and the same deserve to be quashed and set aside.
8. In view of the above and for the reasons stated above, the present
appeal is allowed. The impugned judgment and order passed by the
Division Bench of the High Court dated 23.11.2017 passed in Writ
Appeal No. 29/2011 and the judgment and order dated 08.07.2010
passed in Writ Petition No. 11252/2008, as also the order dated
22.10.2010 passed in Review Petition No. 877/2010 are hereby quashed
and set aside. However, in the facts and circumstances of the case,
there shall be no order as to costs.
……………………………………J.
[M.R. SHAH]
NEW DELHI; …………………………………….J.
JANUARY 19, 2022. [B.V. NAGARATHNA]
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