Maha P. & Ors vs The State of Kerala & Ors

Maha P. & Ors vs The State of Kerala & Ors

Landmark Cases of India / सुप्रीम कोर्ट के ऐतिहासिक फैसले

Reportable

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA

CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION

Civil Appeal No. 3654 of 2022

Maha P. & Ors ....Appellants

Versus

The State of Kerala & Ors. .... Respondents

And with

Civil Appeal No. 3655 of 2022

2

J U D G M E N T

Dr Dhananjaya Y Chandrachud, J

1 These appeals arise from a judgment dated 8 April 2022 of a Division

Bench of the Kerala High Court, by which a writ petition seeking a direction to

grant time for fresh registration in the Non-resident Indian1 quota in NEET-UG in

unaided private medical colleges in the State of Kerala was dismissed. At the

core of the dispute is whether the seats reserved for the NRI quota in private

medical colleges in the State of Kerala can be transferred to the unreserved

category.

2 The National Testing Agency invited online applications for NEET-UG

2021-22 from 1 June 2021 to 21 June 2021. The last date for submitting

applications was extended to 24 June 2021. A notification was issued on 25

June 2021 granting an opportunity to candidates to make corrections to their

applications. The candidates were allowed to rectify defects from 11 September

2021 to 17 September 2021. Two extensions for the submission of documents

were given. The Government issued orders permitting the NRI candidates to cure

defects in attestation by 31 March 2022.

3 The private institutions reserve 15% of the total seats for the NRI category.

The unaided private medical colleges in the State of Kerala have a total of 358

seats in the NRI quota. The rank list of the eligible NRI quota candidates in

NEET-UG 2021-22 was exhausted after two rounds of counselling conducted by

 1 “NRI”

3

the Commissioner for Entrance Examination2

. However, even after the

exhaustion of the NRI rank list, 57 seats were vacant. The Kerala Private

Medical College Management Association3 made a representation to the CEE on

17 March 2022, requesting the authority to invite fresh applications to fill up the

vacant seats in the NRI quota on the ground that many students were unable to

submit the required documents before the cut-off date due to the Covid-19

pandemic. A writ petition was instituted on 24 March 2022 seeking a direction to

grant time to candidates to register for the NRI quota seats before the

commencement of the mop-up counselling. By an order dated 29 March 2022,

the Single Judge of the Kerala High Court directed the CEE to consider the

representation filed by the respondent association. Pursuant to the judgment of

the Single Judge, the respondent association made another representation to the

CEE on 30 March 2022. The CEE considered the representation and by an order

dated 31 March 2022 held that no further extension of time could be provided

since candidates had been given sufficient time to apply for the NRI quota:

“During this year, the applicants had been given sufficient

time to apply for NRI quota. After two phases of

allotments there are about 300 students remaining in the

NRI category list and awaiting for allotment. The mop up

counselling process is going on and the allotment is

scheduled to be published on 02.04.2022. As per MCI

schedule, the admission to MBBS course has to be

completed before 05.04.2022.

In these circumstances, it is not possible to invite fresh

applications for NRI quota. Hence, your demand in the

representation could not be considered.”

 2 “CEE” 3 “respondent association”

4

The CEE transferred 47 vacant NRI seats in private medical institutions to the

general state quota for the mop-up round. The Single Judge of the Kerala High

Court dismissed the writ petition on 4 April 2022 observing that:

(i) Out of the 358 NRI seats in the State of Kerala, 300 seats were filled

up before the second allotment. At the time of the filing of the writ

petition, about 57 seats in the NRI quota were vacant. After the

interim order dated 29 March 2022, a few more students exercised

their options. As of date, there are 46 vacant NRI quota seats;

(ii) Sufficient time was granted to the NRI quota candidates to exercise

their options. The classes have commenced. The last date for

admission is 5 April 2022; and

(iii) The CEE would be at liberty to transfer vacant seats in accordance

with clause 5.5.4 of the Prospectus for admission to Kerala

Engineering, Architecture, and Medical courses4

. There is no

challenge to the prospectus. If any further extension is granted for

fresh registration, it would disrupt the academic schedule.

4 The writ appeal against the judgment of the Single Judge was dismissed

by the Division Bench by its impugned judgment on 8 April 2022 on the following

grounds:

(i) Clause 5.5.4 of the Prospectus provides that the vacant seats in the

‘special reservation’ category, including the quota for persons with

disabilities will be transferred to the ‘mandatory reservation’ quota.

 4 “prospectus”

5

Clause 5.5.4 is an inclusive provision that includes the NRI quota

seats within the phrase ‘special reservation’; and

(ii) The CEE need not seek the permission of the members of the

respondent association before converting the vacant NRI seats as

per clause 5.5.4 of the prospectus; and

(iii) The last date for admission to MBBS courses is 8 April 2022.

Therefore, time for fresh registration in the NRI quota cannot be

granted. The NRI quota candidates were granted sufficient time to

exercise their options. The rank list was published on 24 December

2021. Thus, it can be assumed that no eligible NRI candidate is

available to exercise the options for the vacant seats.

5 The appellants are candidates who have qualified in the NEET exam and

had applied for the MBBS seats under the NRI category. The appellants were not

parties before the High Court. Mr Dushyant Dave and Mr Huzefa A Ahmadi,

senior counsel appearing for the appellants made a three-fold submission: one,

the NRI quota seats do not fall within the purview of ‘special reservation’ under

clause 5.5.4 of the Prospectus. Thus, vacant NRI quota seats cannot be

transferred; second, a three-Judge Bench of this Court in Modern Dental

College & Research Centre v. State of MP5

, held that vacant NRI seats in

unaided institutions cannot be transferred to the State following the earlier

decisions of this court; and third, the admission of the unreserved category

candidates to the 46 NRI seats in the mop-up and stray vacancy counselling

rounds is contrary to law and thus stands vitiated.

 5 “Modern Dental College”, (2009) 7 SCC 751

6

6 Mr Jaideep Gupta, senior counsel appearing for the State of Kerala

submitted that the representation of the respondent association to the CEE for

inviting fresh applicants for the NRI quota had been rejected after due

consideration. It was submitted that none of the 7 appellants whose names found

a place in the NRI list had exercised their options with respect to the 45 vacant

NRI seats that were transferred. Further, the senior counsel argued that the

judgment of the three-Judge Bench in Modern Dental College (supra) is not

applicable to the facts in the present case since the appellants had neither

challenged the prospectus nor the information bulletin which stipulates that

vacant NRI seats shall be transferred.

7 The State of Kerala submitted a status report on 23 April 2021 pursuant to

an interim direction of this Court. The status report states as follows:

(i) Admission to various professional degree courses is conducted in

terms of the Prospectus. By a notification dated 31 May 2021, CEE

invited online applications for professional degree courses from 1

June 2021 to 21 June 2021. Clause 7 of the notification stipulates

that the documents and certificates will have to be uploaded along

with the online applications. Clause 7(iv) of the notification states

that documents necessary for applying to the NRI quota will have to

be submitted by the applicants. By a Notification dated 26 June

2021, the time for uploading the online application was extended to

26 June 2021, and to upload the documents to 30 June 2021;

(ii) By a notification dated 30 October 2021, those who had applied for

admission to MBBS and BDS courses, were provided a further

7

extension of time from 30 October 2021 to 8 November 2021 for

uploading the documents. The candidates who had not claimed

reservation, including under the NRI quota for admission to medical/

allied courses were again granted an extension from 4 December

2021 to 10 December 20201 for uploading the relevant documents.

On the direction of the Admission Supervisory Committee, the CEE

granted candidates applying under the NRI quota seats, one

month’s time from the date of counselling or two days before the

second allotment for submitting attested documents from the

Embassy/Consulate. Therefore, the Respondent has provided

sufficient time for the submission of documents to candidates

seeking to apply under the NRI quota;

(iii) For the academic year of 2021-22, 385 seats were earmarked for

the NRI quota in 19 private self- financing private colleges in the

State. The CEE published a list of 614 candidates in the NRI

category;

(iv) According to the Medical Council of India Guidelines, options

exercised by the candidates for the Mop-up round are to be

considered final and will be used for filing up any stray vacancies

that may arise. Due to a lack of options filed by the candidates for

the final phase of counselling, 45 NRI quota seats were converted to

the ‘State Merit seats’ for mop-up allotment;

(v) The Information Bulletin published by the Medical Counselling

Committee provides that the vacant seats have to be converted

8

during the Mop-up round. According to the conversion algorithm

mentioned in the Information Bulletin, the unavailed NRI seats have

to be converted to the unreserved category. Therefore, given the

procedure provided under the Information Bulletin, the 45 NRI seats

were converted to State merit seats;

(vi) Only two vacant seats are available in Private Medical Colleges for

MBBS courses in the State after the first stray vacancy round. A

second round for stray vacancy allotment was published on 18 April

2022 to fill the two vacant seats in the self-financing colleges.

Among the two allotted candidates, one did not join the allotted

college. Thus, one seat is lying vacant in the All India Merit category

in Karuna Medical College, Palakkad as of 20 April 2022;

(vii) According to the schedule of the Medical Counselling Committee,

admission to the MBBS courses ought to have been completed by

the second week of April 2022. Fresh applications from the

candidates for the NRI quota cannot be invited when the counselling

process is nearing completion; and

(viii) Of the 38 petitioners, the names of 7 candidates find a place in the

NRI category list published by the Respondent. 12 candidates were

excluded from the final NRI category list due to the lack of proper

documentation and 19 candidates did not claim NRI quota seats at

any stage of the admission process. Of the 7 candidates, only 4

candidates had registered options for NRI seats in self-financing

9

medical colleges. None of the candidates had provided the option

for NRI seats during the mop-up round.

8 Clause 2 of the prospectus categorizes the seats in colleges. Clause 2.2

states that the categorization of seats in self-financing colleges run by institutions

under Government control and other private self-financing colleges will be notified

separately:

“The categorization of seats in self-financing colleges run

by institutions under Govt. control and other Private Selffinancing colleges will be notified separately. As per the

orders of the Hon’ble Supreme Court of India dated:

09.05.2017 on WP(C) No. 267/2017, the

allotments/admissions to the State Quota seats in all the

Government as well as Private Self Financing Medical

and Dental colleges shall be done through a Common

Counselling to be conducted by the Commissioner for

Entrance Examinations. The Common Counselling will

include NRI seats in Self-Financing Medical & Dental

Colleges and Minority Community Quota seats in Private

Self Financing Medical & Dental Colleges having Minority

Status.”

Clause 4 of the prospectus provides a list of reservations. Clauses 4.1.4 and

4.1.5 define ‘Special reservation’ and ‘mandatory reservation’ respectively:

“[…]

4.1.1 (ii) Reservation for All India Quota for

MBBS/BAMS/BSMS/BUMS Courses in Self-Financing

Medical/Ayurveda/Sidda/Unani colleges:-

Fifteen percent of the seats for the admission of students

to MBBS/BAMS/BSMS/BUMS Courses in Self-Financing

Medical/Ayurveda/Siddha/Unani Colleges in Kerala are

set apart for the allotment of candidates irrespective of

their Domicile as per the rank list prepared by the

Commissioner for the Entrance Examinations on the

basis of the rank obtained in NEET-UG 2021 conducted

by the National Testing Agency (NTA) New Delhi.

See clause 4.1.11(a) and 4.1.13(a) &(b)

4.12 Reservation for Nominees: These are the seats set

apart for the nominees of the Government of India, Union

Territories or other States for the various courses. [For

10

details, refer Clauses 4.1.11 (b), 4.1.12, 4.1.13, 4.1.14,

4.1.15]

4.1.3 Reservation for Persons with Disabilities: Leaving

the seats set apart under Clauses 4.1.1, 4.1.2 above, all

types of supernumerary seats sanctioned, five percent of

the seats available for the state for allotment from the

Entrance rank lists for all the courses in all the

Government and Aided Colleges are reserved for the

candidates with Benchmark disabilities [For details, refer

Clause 5.3]

4.1.4 Special Reservation: These are the seats reserved

for certain specific categories, for different courses. [For

details, refer Clause 5.2]

4.1.5 Mandatory Reservation: Leaving the seats set apart

for All India Quota, Government of India Nominees,

Special reservations, Persons with Disabilities, all types

of supernumerary seats sanctioned and Management

Quota, the remaining Government seats for each course

in Govt./Aided/KAU/KVASU/KUFOS Colleges will be

distributed as per the mandatory reservation principle as

contemplated in G.O (P) 208/66/Edn. Dated 2.5.1966,

G.O (Ms) No. 95/08/SCSTDD Dated 06.10.2008, GO

(Ms) No. 10/2014/BCDD Dated 23.05.2014 and as

modified from time to time.

The percentage break up of seats as per mandatory

reservation is as follows:

(A) State Merit (SM)

-50%

(B) Economically Weaker Sections in General Category

(EWS) -10%

(C) Socially and Educationally backward Classes (SEBC)

-30%

(a) Ezhavu(EZ)

-9%

(b) Muslim (MU)

-8%

(c) Other Backward Hindu (BH)

-3%

(d) Latin Catholic and Anglo Indian (LA)

-3%

(e) Dheevara and related communities (DV)

-2%

(f) Viswakarma and related communities (VK)

-2%

(g) Kusavan and related communities (KN)

-1%

(h) Other Backward Christian (BX)

-1%

(i) Kusumbi (KU)

-1%

11

(D) Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes

-10%

(a) Scheduled Castes (SC)

-8%

(b) Scheduled Tribes (ST)

-2%

[…]

5.5.4 If any seat, in any special reservation quota including

PwD quota, is left unavailed by the candidates to that

particular category, it will go to the Mandatory reservation

quota, unless otherwise stated.”

9 Clause 4.1.4 of the Prospectus defines ‘Special Reservation’ as seats

reserved for ‘specific categories, for certain specific courses’. Clause 5.2 provides

a list of special category reservations which include Ex-servicemen Quota,

dependent of Defence personnel killed/missing/disabled in action, serving

Defence Personnel, CAPF, and Jewish quota. Furthermore, quotas specific to

courses are also termed ‘special reservations’. For instance, degree holders in

MBBS and BHMS have a quota in BAMS course, degree holders in Ayurveda

and Homeopathy have a quota in the MBBS course, children of Agriculturists

have a quota in BSc. (Hons.) Agri. Degree, and the children of Fishermen in

BFSc. course. Clause 4.1.5 which stipulates the breakup of reservation makes it

evident that only vertical reservation as mandated by Article 15, that is for the

socially and educationally backward classes6 and economically weaker section7

of the unreserved category are brought within the phrase ‘mandatory reservation’.

Clause 5.5.4 is broadly worded. Though the reservation for persons with

disabilities8 does not find a place in clause 5.2 of the proposal, clause 5.5.2

states that unavailed seats of special reservation ‘including PwD’ would be

transferred to mandatory reservation quota.

 6 “SEBC” 7 “EWS”

8 “PwD”

12

10 The Single Judge and the Division Bench of the High Court held that CEE

can transfer the unavailed seats of the NRI quota to the State merit quota under

Clause 5.5.4. The High Court held that Clause 5.5.4 was broadly worded to

include the NRI quota within the meaning of ‘special reservation’. The prospectus

does not mention the NRI quota in chapter 4 which is titled ‘reservation of seats

for various courses’. The only reference to the NRIs’ in the prospectus is in

clauses 2.2, 5.7 and 7.6(i). Clause 2.2 states that the categorization of seats in

self-financing colleges run by institutions shall be notified separately. It also

stipulates that the NRI seats in self-financing medical colleges shall be allotted by

common counselling. Clauses 5.7 and 7.6(1) provide information on the

documents required to be submitted under the NRI quota. The phrase ‘special

reservation’ cannot be read to include the NRI quota when the prospectus does

not stipulate the NRI quota as a category of reservation under Clause 4.

Moreover, Clause 2.2 states that the categorization of seats in self-financing

colleges shall be notified separately. Even if the argument that the NRI quota is a

special reservation is accepted, the unoccupied seats can only be transferred to

the mandatory quota (i.e SEBC and EWS reservation seats). However, in the

present matter, the CEE has transferred the unoccupied NRI quota seats to State

merit. Therefore, the reasoning of the High Court that the respondent could

transfer the unoccupied NRI quota seats to state merit by virtue of clause 5.5.4 is

erroneous.

11 The Medical Counselling Committee issued the Information Bulletin and

Counselling Scheme9 for admission to medical courses in 2021. Chapter 3 of the

 9 “Bulletin”

13

bulletin provides the process of admission for the MBBS course in 100% deemed

universities. The relevant portions of the bulletin are extracted below:

“ Chapter 3- 100% Deemed University

[…]

Reservation Policy:

• Candidates who fall under the category of NRI as per the

directions/orders of the Hon’ble Supreme Court of India in

the case (W.P (C) No. 689/2017-Consortium of Deemed

Universities in Karnataka (CODEUNIK) & Anr. v. Union of

India & Ors.) dated 22-08-2017 are eligible for NRI

category. OCI/PIO/Foreign Nationals candidates will be

considered as NRI. OCI/PIO/Foreign Nationals

Candidates will only be eligible for NRI seats vide Ministry

of Home Affairs Gazette notification No. S.O.1050(E)

dated 04th March 2021.

[…]

JAIN MINORITY/MUSLIM MINORITY/NRI

CONVERSION: JAIN MINORITY/MUSLIM

MINORITY/NRI seats remaining vacant during the MopUp rounds will be converted to Private Deemed

University seats after the exhaustion of all eligible Jain

Minority/Muslim Minority/NRI candidates to avoid

wastage of seats.

 The conversion of seats will be carried out during the

Mop Up Round of Deemed Universities. The said

conversion will be done only when the eligible

Candidates belonging to the said Conversion Category

have exhausted.

CONVERSION ALGORITHM

S. No. Conversion Category Category

Converted To

1 NRI/Jain Minority/Muslim

Minority

UR

The information bulletin elaborates on the categorisation of seats for the NRI

quota in deemed universities, the eligibility for the NRI quota and the conversion

of unoccupied NRI quota seats to unreserved seats (that is, State merit seats).

12 In Modern Dental College (supra), petitions were filed challenging the

constitutional validity of the Madhya Pradesh Niji Byavsayik Shikshan Sanstha

(Pravesh Ka Viniyaman Avam Shulk Ka Nirsharan) Adhiniyam 2007 and the

Rules framed thereunder. This Court held that the provisions of the 2007 Act

14

providing that the entire selection process for admission to UG and PG medical

courses and fee fixation shall be done by the State Government is contrary to the

principles laid down by the eleven-Judge Bench in TMA Pai Foundation v. State

of Karnataka10 and PA Inamdar v. State of Maharashtra11. However, this Court

issued an interim order for admission to the medical seats in unaided colleges for

the academic term of 2009-10:

“We, therefore, direct that the admissions in the private

unaided medical/dental colleges in the State of Madhya

Pradesh will be done by first excluding 15% NRI seats

(which can be filled up by the private institutions as per

para 131 of Inamdar case [(2005) 6 SCC 537] ), and

allotting half of the 85% seats for admission to the

undergraduate and post-graduate courses to be filled in

by an open competitive examination by the State

Government, and the remaining half by the Association of

the Private Medical and Dental Colleges. Both the State

Government as well as the Association of Private Medical

and Dental Colleges will hold their own separate entrance

examination for this purpose. As regards “the NRI

seats”, they will be filled as provided under the Act

and the Rules, in the manner they were done earlier.”

 (emphasis supplied)

A dispute arose over the unfilled seats in the 15% seats that are set aside for

NRIs’. In RD Gardi Medical College v. State of MP12, 10 NRI quota seats in the

petitioner-college were unfilled. The High Court held that the unfilled NRI seats

have to be shared between the State and the petitioner-college in equal

proportion. This Court dismissed the appeal against the judgment of the High

Court observing that the order was in compliance with the judgment in Modern

Dental College (supra) where it was directed that the NRI seats be filled “as

provided under the Act and the Rules, in the manner they were done earlier.’

 10 (2002) 8 SCC 481 11 (2005) 6 SCC 537 12 (2010) 10 SCC 225

15

Since Rule 8 of the Admission Rules 2008 stipulated that the vacant NRI seats

shall be merged into the general pool, it was held that the vacant NRI seats were

filled up in accordance with the judgment in Modern Dental College (supra):

“28. A plain reading of the above leaves no manner of

doubt that unfilled NRI seats had to be transferred to the

general pool to be filled up on the basis of the merit of the

candidates in the State-level common entrance test

conducted by the Madhya Pradesh Vyavsayik Pariksha

Mandal or by any other agency authorised by the State

Government for that purpose. The unfilled seats in the

NRI quota were, therefore, to be treated as a part of the

general pool and once that was done the share of the

College in terms of the order passed by this Court would

be 50% out of the said seats. The High Court has, in that

view, rightly held that while the management was justified

in filling up 5 unfilled seats in NRI quota, the remaining 5

could not have been filled up otherwise than on the basis

of the entrance test referred to in Rule 8.”

13 In view of the observations in RD Gardi Medical College (supra), IAs

were filed for modication/clarification of the orders passed by the two-Judge

Bench in Modern Dental College (supra) and RD Gardi Medical College

(supra). This Court noted that there is a conflict between the observations in para

28 of the judgment in RD Gardi Medical College (supra) and para 27(1) of TMA

Pai Foundation v. State of Karnataka13. In TMA Pai (supra), it was observed

that the college shall admit students in the order of merit in the vacant NRI quota

seats. Therefore, the matter was referred to a larger Bench. However, the larger

Bench could not resolve the apparent conflict before the admissions for the

academic year 2011-12 were to begin.

14 The same issue of transfer of vacant NRI seats arose in the academic year

of 2012-13. A two-judge Bench by an order dated 9 December 2011 had directed

that the matter be placed before a Constitution Bench. However, since the matter

 13 (1995) 5 SCC 220

16

was not likely to be heard by a Constitution Bench shortly, a three-Judge Bench

in Modern Dental College and Research Centre v. State of Madhya

Pradesh,

14 heard the IA’s on the issue of transfer of unfilled NRI seats for the

academic term of 2012-13. Allowing the IA’s, it was observed that the finding in

RD Gardi Medical College (supra) is contrary to the judgments of the

Constitution Bench in TMA Pai Foundation v. State of Karnataka15, a threeJudge Bench in TMA Pai Foundation v. State of Karnataka16, and Inamdar

(supra). The Court observed:

“18. We are of the considered view that the above

principles laid down by the larger Benches of this Court,

in the matter of filling up of NRI seats were not correctly

understood or applied by this Court in R.D. Gardi Medical

College [(2010) 10 SCC 225] while interpreting Rule 8 of

the M.P. Admission Rules, 2008. The finding recorded

in R.D. Gardi Medical College [(2010) 10 SCC 225] that

the unfilled seats in NRI quota in unaided professional

colleges should be treated as a part of the general pool

and be shared equally by the State and the unaided

professional colleges goes contrary to the principles laid

down by the eleven-Judge Bench in Pai

Foundation [(2002) 8 SCC 481] , Inamdar [(2005) 6 SCC

537] as well as the judgments rendered by the threeJudge Bench [Ed. : And the judgment rendered by the

five-Judge Bench in Pai Foundation, (1994) 4 SCC 728.]

in Pai Foundation [(1995) 5 SCC 220] , referred to earlier.

The wrong interpretation given in R.D. Gardi Medical

College [(2010) 10 SCC 225] is seen incorporated in Rule

5 of the Madhya Pradesh Private Medical and Dental

Undergraduate Course Entrance Examination Rules,

2011 as well, which in our view cannot be legally

sustained.”

15 The Constitution bench in TMA Pai Foundation (supra) had held that the

unfilled NRI quota seats can only be filled by the management at its discretion:

“3. So far as the NRI quota is concerned, we fixed the

same as 15% last year. We fixed the NRI quota in

 14 (2012) 4 SCC 707, “Modern Dental College and Research Centre” 15 (1994) 4 SCC 728 16 (1995) 5 SCC 220

17

respect of minorities' institutions as 5%. Although the NRI

quota should not, normally, be more than 5%, but

keeping in view the reduction in the fee structure, we fix

the same as 10% (of the total seats) for this year. We

further make it clear that in case any seat in the NRI

quota remains unfilled, the same can be filled by the

management at its discretion.”

The three judge Bench in TMA Pai Foundation (supra) reiterated the

observations of the Constitution Bench:

“(1) So far as NRI quota is concerned, it is fixed at fifteen

per cent for the current academic year. It shall be open to

the management to admit NRI students and foreign

students within this quota and in case they are not able to

get the NRI or foreign students up to the aforesaid

specified percentage, it shall be open to them to admit

students on their own, in the order of merit, within the

said quota. This direction shall be a general direction and

shall operate in the case of all the States where

admissions have not been finalised. It is, however, made

clear that by virtue of this direction, no student who has

already been admitted shall be disturbed or removed.”

A similar observation was also made by a two-Judge Bench of this Court in

AP(P) Engineering College Management Association v. Government of

AP17. This Court in Modern Dental College and Research Centre (supra) had

further referred to Inamdar (supra) where it was held that the imposition of the

reservation policy of the State on unaided private universities is an encroachment

of the right and autonomy of private professional educational institutions:

“125. […] such imposition of quota of State seats or

enforcing reservation policy of the State on available

seats in unaided professional institutions are acts

constituting serious encroachment on the right and

autonomy of private professional educational institutions.

[…] Such appropriation of seats can also not be held to

be a regulatory measure in the interest of the minority

within the meaning of Article 30(1) or a reasonable

restriction within the meaning of Article 19(6) of the

Constitution.”

 17 (2000) 10 SCC 565

18

16 In Modern Dental College and Research Centre (supra), an IA was filed

challenging the transfer of unfilled NRI seats to the State. However, in the matter

before us, only an extension of time for the submission of documents necessary

for applying for the NRI quota seats was sought. The prayer in the writ petition is

extracted below:

“i. Issue a Writ of Mandamus or such other writ, order or

direction directing the Respondents to grant time for fresh

registration in NRI Quota to the eligible before

commencement of the Mop-up counselling.

ii. Issue a Writ of Mandamus or such other writ, order or

direction directing, the 3rd Respondent to consider and

pass orders in Exhibit P3 representation within a time

limit to be fixed by this Hon’ble Court.

iii. Permit the members of the Petitioner association to

admit the NEET qualified eligible students who produce

the necessary documents in NRI Quota before the cut off

date stipulated by the Kerala University of Health

Sciences vide Exhibit P4, in the event the Respondents

does not invite fresh applications in the NRI Quota.

Issue such other writ, order, or direction as may be just

and necessary in the interest of justice.”

17 Moreover, the observations in Modern Dental College and Research

Centre (supra) were made concerning admissions for the year 2011-2012. The

principal issue of whether the unfilled NRI seats in unaided universities can be

transferred to the State is pending before the Constitution Bench. Further, the

observations made in PA Inamdar (supra) and the Constitution Bench in TMA

Pai (supra) will have to be read with Article 15(5) which was included by the

Constitution (Ninety-third Amendment) Act 2005.

18 The names of only 7 of the 37 appellants find place in the NRI category list

which was published by CEE on 31 January 2022. The respondent has submitted

that of the 7 appellants whose names find place in the NRI category list, only 4 of

them had registered options for NRI seats. However, candidates who had

19

received a higher rank than them were allotted those seats. Further, it was also

submitted by the respondent that none of the 7 candidates registered their

options for the 45 NRI seats that were later converted to unreserved seats. The

respondent submits that only because none of the 7 candidates registered their

options concerning NRI seats, were the seats converted to unreserved seats to

prevent the seats from lying vacant.

19 Since the appellants have not challenged the provisions of the Information

Bulletin which stipulate that the vacant NRI seats shall be converted to

unreserved seats during the mop-up round, we cannot decide on the legality of

such a conversion of seats. The 4 appellants who had registered their options for

NRI seats had not exercised their options with respect to any of the vacant 45

NRI seats. The respondents merely complied with the provisions of the

Information Bulletin which is not in challenge before us in the present

proceedings. The respondent association had only sought an extension of time

for submission of documents by candidates seeking to apply for the NRI quota

seats. The representation was rejected by CEE since sufficient time and

extension had been given for the submission of the documents. The appellants

have not contended that the rejection of the representation was malafide or

arbitrary.

20

20 We accordingly dismiss the appeals for the reasons set out above.

21 Pending applications, if any, stand disposed of.

…..…..…....…........……………….…........J.

 [Dr Dhananjaya Y Chandrachud]

…..…..…....…........……………….…........J.

 [Bela M Trivedi]

New Delhi;

May 18, 2022