The State of Maharashtra and Anr. Versus Ms. Madhuri Maruti Vidhate

The State of Maharashtra and Anr. Versus Ms. Madhuri Maruti Vidhate 

Landmark Cases of India / सुप्रीम कोर्ट के ऐतिहासिक फैसले

REPORTABLE

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA

CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION

CIVIL APPEAL NO. 6938 OF 2022

The State of Maharashtra and Anr. …Appellant(s)

Versus

Ms. Madhuri Maruti Vidhate …Respondent(s)

(Since after marriage

Smt. Madhuri Santosh Koli)

J U D G M E N T

M.R. SHAH, J.

1. Feeling aggrieved and dissatisfied with the impugned judgment

and order dated 07.01.2019 passed by the High Court of Judicature at

Bombay in Writ Petition No. 11614 of 2018 by which the High Court has

dismissed the said writ petition and has confirmed the order passed by

the Maharashtra Administrative Tribunal (hereinafter referred to as the

“Tribunal) directing to appoint the respondent on compassionate ground,

the State of Maharashtra through the Principal Secretary, Water

Resources Department has preferred the present appeal.

2. The facts leading to the present appeal in nutshell are as under:-

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2.1 That the father of the respondent was in the clerical cadre serving

with the appellants. He died in harness. After his death, his wife, i.e.,

mother of the respondent was appointed on compassionate ground.

However, she died while in service. That thereafter the elder sister of

the respondent namely Mrs. Sangita M. Thonge made application for

seeking appointment on compassionate ground. The said application

was rejected vide communication dated 18.08.2011 on the ground that

she cannot be given the appointment on compassionate ground as she

is a married daughter.

2.2 That thereafter the State Government issued a Government

Circular dated 26.02.2013, according to which the employment was to

be provided to one of the legal heirs and representatives of the

deceased government servant on compassionate grounds.

2.3 That thereafter the respondent, a married daughter of the

deceased employee – Late Smt. Lata Maruti Vidhate applied for

appointment on compassionate ground vide representation dated

12.03.2013. At this stage, it is required to be noted that respondent is

the second married daughter and the application made by her elder

married sister was already rejected earlier in the year 2011. The

application of the respondent for appointment on compassionate ground

came to be rejected vide order dated 23.04.2013.

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2.4 The respondent filed O.A. No. 860 of 2015 before the Tribunal

approximately after a period of two years from the rejection of her

application for appointment on compassionate ground. The Tribunal

vide its judgment and order dated 24.03.2017 allowed the said O.A. and

directed to consider the respondent’s case for appointment on

compassionate ground. The order passed by the Tribunal has been

confirmed by the High Court by the impugned judgment and order, which

is the subject matter of present appeal before this Court.

3. Having heard the learned counsel for the respective parties, the

question which is posed for the consideration of this Court is:

Whether in the facts and circumstances of the case

narrated hereinabove, the respondent shall be entitled to

the appointment on compassionate ground?

4. The undisputed facts are that on the death of the deceased

employee – father of the respondent, who died in harness, the mother of

the respondent was given appointment on compassionate ground. The

mother of the respondent died on 28.03.2006. That thereafter the elder

married sister of the respondent made an application for appointment on

compassionate ground, which came to be rejected in the year 2011 on

the ground that being a married daughter, she cannot be said to be

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dependent on her deceased mother and therefore, she is not entitled to

the appointment on compassionate ground. That after a period of seven

years from the date of death of her mother, again, the respondent being

the younger married daughter made an application for appointment on

compassionate ground in the year 2013. In light of the aforesaid facts,

the question posed is required to be considered.

5. While considering the issue involved in the present appeal, the law

laid down by this Court on compassionate ground on the death of the

deceased employee are required to be referred to and considered. In the

recent decision, this Court in the case of Director of Treasuries in

Karnataka and Anr. Vs. V. Somyashree, 2021 SCC Online SC 704,

had occasion to consider the principle governing the grant of

appointment on compassionate ground. After referring to the decision of

this Court in N.C. Santhosh Vs. State of Karnataka, (2020) 7 SCC 617,

this Court has summarised the principle governing the grant of

appointment on compassionate ground as under:-

(i) that the compassionate appointment is an

exception to the general rule;

(ii) that no aspirant has a right to

compassionate appointment;

(iii) the appointment to any public post in the service of

the State has to be made on the basis of

the principle in accordance with Articles 14 and 16 of

the Constitution of India;

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(iv) appointment on compassionate ground can be

made only on fulfilling the norms laid down by the

State’s policy and/or satisfaction of the eligibility

criteria as per the policy;

(v) the norms prevailing on the date of the

consideration of the application should be the basis

for consideration of claim for compassionate

appointment.

6. As per the law laid down by this Court in catena of decisions on

the appointment on compassionate ground, for all the government

vacancies equal opportunity should be provided to all aspirants as

mandated under Articles 14 and 16 of the Constitution. However,

appointment on compassionate ground offered to a dependent of a

deceased employee is an exception to the said norms. The

compassionate ground is a concession and not a right.

6.1 In the case of State of Himachal Pradesh and Anr. Vs. Shashi

Kumar reported in (2019) 3 SCC 653, this Court had an occasion to

consider the object and purpose of appointment on compassionate

ground and considered the decision of this Court in the case of Govind

Prakash Verma Vs. LIC, reported in (2005) 10 SCC 289, in paras 21

and 26, it is observed and held as under:-

“21. The decision in Govind Prakash Verma [Govind

Prakash Verma v. LIC, (2005) 10 SCC 289, has been

considered subsequently in several decisions. But, before

we advert to those decisions, it is necessary to note that

the nature of compassionate appointment had been

considered by this Court in Umesh Kumar Nagpal v. State

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of Haryana [Umesh Kumar Nagpal v. State of Haryana,

(1994) 4 SCC 138]. The principles which have been laid

down in Umesh Kumar Nagpal [Umesh Kumar

Nagpal v. State of Haryana, (1994) 4 SCC 138] have been

subsequently followed in a consistent line of precedents in

this Court. These principles are encapsulated in the

following extract: (Umesh Kumar Nagpal case [Umesh

Kumar Nagpal v. State of Haryana, (1994) 4 SCC 138],

SCC pp. 139-40, para 2)

“2. … As a rule, appointments in the

public services should be made strictly on the

basis of open invitation of applications and

merit. No other mode of appointment nor any

other consideration is permissible. Neither the

Governments nor the public authorities are at

liberty to follow any other procedure or relax

the qualifications laid down by the rules for the

post. However, to this general rule which is to

be followed strictly in every case, there are

some exceptions carved out in the interests of

justice and to meet certain contingencies. One

such exception is in favour of the dependants

of an employee dying in harness and leaving

his family in penury and without any means of

livelihood. In such cases, out of pure

humanitarian consideration taking into

consideration the fact that unless some

source of livelihood is provided, the family

would not be able to make both ends meet, a

provision is made in the rules to provide

gainful employment to one of the dependants

of the deceased who may be eligible for such

employment. The whole object of granting

compassionate employment is thus to enable

the family to tide over the sudden crisis. The

object is not to give a member of such family a

post much less a post for post held by the

deceased. What is further, mere death of an

employee in harness does not entitle his

family to such source of livelihood. The

Government or the public authority concerned

has to examine the financial condition of the

family of the deceased, and it is only if it is

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satisfied, that but for the provision of

employment, the family will not be able to

meet the crisis that a job is to be offered to the

eligible member of the family. The posts in

Classes III and IV are the lowest posts in nonmanual and manual categories and hence

they alone can be offered on compassionate

grounds, the object being to relieve the family,

of the financial destitution and to help it get

over the emergency. The provision of

employment in such lowest posts by making

an exception to the rule is justifiable and valid

since it is not discriminatory. The favourable

treatment given to such dependant of the

deceased employee in such posts has a

rational nexus with the object sought to be

achieved viz. relief against destitution. No

other posts are expected or required to be

given by the public authorities for the purpose.

It must be remembered in this connection that

as against the destitute family of the deceased

there are millions of other families which are

equally, if not more destitute. The exception to

the rule made in favour of the family of the

deceased employee is in consideration of the

services rendered by him and the legitimate

expectations, and the change in the status

and affairs, of the family engendered by the

erstwhile employment which are suddenly

upturned.”

26. The judgment of a Bench of two Judges in Mumtaz Yunus

Mulani v. State of Maharashtra [(2008) 11 SCC 384] has

adopted the principle that appointment on compassionate

grounds is not a source of recruitment, but a means to enable

the family of the deceased to get over a sudden financial

crisis. The financial position of the family would need to be

evaluated on the basis of the provisions contained in the

scheme. The decision in Govind Prakash Verma [Govind

Prakash Verma v. LIC, (2005) 10 SCC 289 : 2005 SCC (L&S)

590] has been duly considered, but the Court observed that it

did not appear that the earlier binding precedents of this Court

have been taken note of in that case.”

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7. Thus, as per the law laid down by this Court in the aforesaid

decisions, compassionate appointment is an exception to the general

rule of appointment in the public services and is in favour of the

dependents of a deceased dying in harness and leaving his family in

penury and without any means of livelihood, and in such cases, out of

pure humanitarian consideration taking into consideration the fact that

unless some source of livelihood is provided, the family would not be

able to make both ends meet, a provision is made in the rules to provide

gainful employment to one of the dependants of the deceased who may

be eligible for such employment. The whole object of granting

compassionate employment is, thus, to enable the family to tide over the

sudden crisis. The object is not to give such family a post much less a

post held by the deceased.

7.1 Applying the law laid down by this Court in the aforesaid decisions

to the facts of the case on hand, to appoint the respondent now on

compassionate ground shall be contrary to the object and purpose of

appointment on compassionate ground. The respondent cannot be said

to be dependent on the deceased employee, i.e., her mother. Even

otherwise, she shall not be entitled to appointment on compassionate

ground after a number of years from the death of the deceased

employee.

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8. Under the circumstances and in the facts and circumstances of the

case narrated hereinabove, the Tribunal as well as the High Court have

committed serious error in directing the appellants to appoint the

respondent on compassionate ground. The judgment and order passed

by the Tribunal confirmed by the High Court directing the appellants to

consider the case of the respondent for appointment on compassionate

ground after a number of years is unsustainable.

9. In view of the above and for the reasons stated above, the order

passed by the Maharashtra Administrative Tribunal in O.A. No. 860 of

2015 and the impugned judgment and order passed by the High Court

dismissing the writ petition and confirming the order passed by the

Tribunal are hereby quashed and set aside.

Present appeal is accordingly allowed. No costs.

………………………………….J.

 [M.R. SHAH]

NEW DELHI; ………………………………….J.

SEPTEMBER 30, 2022. [KRISHNA MURARI]

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