Raju @ Rajendra Prasad Versus State of Rajasthan

Raju @ Rajendra Prasad Versus State of Rajasthan

Landmark Cases of India / सुप्रीम कोर्ट के ऐतिहासिक फैसले

REPORTABLE

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA

CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION

CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 1559 OF 2022

Raju @ Rajendra Prasad ...Appellant(s)

Versus

State of Rajasthan ...Respondent(s)

WITH

CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 1560 OF 2022

Smt. Suman Devi ...Appellant(s)

Versus

State of Rajasthan ...Respondent(s)

J U D G M E N T

M.R. SHAH, J.

1. Feeling aggrieved and dissatisfied with the impugned judgment and

order passed by the High Court of Judicature at Rajasthan at Jaipur in D.B.

Criminal Appeal Nos. 106 of 2018 and 107 of 2018 by which the High Court

has dismissed the said appeals preferred by the appellants herein – original

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accused convicting them for the offence under Section 302 IPC, the original

accused Raju @ Rajendra Prasad and Smt. Suman Devi have preferred the

present appeals.

2. The original complainant Prakash – brother of the deceased lodged a

complaint/F.I.R. against the accused persons for having killed his brother

Narendra @ Goliya. It was stated in the complaint/F.I.R. that his brother

Narendra was married to his sister-in-law Suman Devi. There were some

differences between his brother and his wife. It was alleged that accused

Suman Devi was having illicit relations with the co-accused – Raju @

Rajendra Prasad. That because of the dispute and differences, accused

Suman Devi had started residing in her paternal house. On 26.09.2016, his

brother – deceased went to his in-law’s house to bring back his wife and

children. However, on the next day in the morning, he came to know that his

brother had committed suicide and his body was found hanging from a tree.

That it was alleged that his brother had been murdered by Suman Devi,

father-in-law Moti Ram, mother-in-law Lakhpati Devi, brother-in-law Vikram

and Raju @ Rajendra Prasad in conspiracy with each other. Thereafter, on

completion of the investigation, charge sheet was filed against the appellants

herein. The charge was framed against the appellants – accused for the

offence under Section 302 IPC or in the alternative under Section 302/34 IPC.

The appellants – accused did not plead guilty and therefore they came to be

tried by the learned Trial Court for the aforesaid offence.

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2.1 To bring home the charge against the accused, the prosecution

examined as many as 15 witnesses including PW-6, Shiwani, daughter of the

deceased and the accused Suman Devi and PW-7, Sunita, sister of Suman

Devi. That after close of the prosecution evidences, further statement of the

accused under Section 313 Cr.P.C. were recorded. That on appreciation of

evidence and relying upon the depositions of PW-6, Shiwani, daughter of the

deceased and the accused Suman Devi and PW-7, Sunita, sister of Suman

Devi by judgment and order dated 22.01.2018, the learned Trial Court

convicted the appellants - accused for the offence punishable under Section

302 read with Section 34 IPC and sentenced them to undergo imprisonment

for life and fine of Rs. 20,000/-.

2.2 Feeling aggrieved and dissatisfied with the judgment and order of

conviction and sentence passed by the learned Trial Court, the accused

preferred the present appeals before the High Court. By the impugned

common judgment and order, the High Court has dismissed the said appeals

and has confirmed the judgment and order of conviction and sentence passed

by the learned Trial Court convicting the accused for the offence punishable

under Section 302 read with Section 34 IPC.

2.3 Feeling aggrieved and dissatisfied with the impugned judgment and

order passed by the High Court dismissing the appeals and confirming the

judgment and order of conviction, the original accused have preferred the

present appeals.

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3. Ms. Sangeetha Kumar and Ms. Chitrangda Rastravara, learned counsel

have appeared on behalf of the respective appellants and Ms. Gurkirat Kaur,

learned counsel has appeared on behalf of the respondent – State of

Rajasthan.

4. Learned counsel appearing on behalf of the respective appellants -

accused have vehemently submitted that in the facts and circumstances of the

case, both the learned Trial Court as well as the High Court have committed a

very serious error in holding the appellants guilty for the offence under Section

302/34 IPC.

4.1 It is vehemently submitted by the learned counsel appearing on behalf of

the appellants – original accused that the case rests on circumstantial

evidence. There is no direct evidence at all. It is submitted that there is not

an iota of evidence against the appellants by which it can be said that the

appellants killed and/or committed the murder of the deceased.

4.2 It is vehemently submitted by the learned counsel appearing on behalf of

the appellants – original accused that as such PW-6, Shiwani, daughter of the

deceased and the accused Suman Devi can be said to be the ‘star witness’,

who, in her deposition, has categorically stated that she has not seen the

appellants having killed her father. It is submitted that even from the

deposition of PW-6, the prosecution has not established and proved that the

appellants - accused herein were last seen together with the deceased. It is

submitted that the prosecution has failed to establish and prove the complete

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chain of events. It is submitted that therefore the conviction of the appellants

– accused for the offence under Section 302/34 IPC is unsustainable.

4.3 Learned counsel appearing on behalf of the accused have vehemently

relied upon the decision of this Court in the case of Mohd. Younus Ali

Tarafdar Vs. State of West Bengal, (2020) 3 SCC 747 as well as Anwar Ali

and Anr. Vs. State of Himachal Pradesh, (2020) 10 SCC 166 in support of

their submissions that as the circumstances relied upon by the prosecution to

prove the guilt of the accused is not complete and the said circumstances are

not leading to the conclusion that in all human probability, murder must have

been committed by the appellants- accused and, therefore, the appellants

ought not to have been convicted on the basis of such circumstantial

evidence.

5. Present appeals are vehemently opposed by the learned counsel

appearing on behalf of the State.

5.1 It is submitted that in the present case, the prosecution has established

and proved that there were differences and disputes between Suman Devi

and the deceased. It is submitted that by leading cogent evidence and

examining the daughter of the deceased and the accused Suman Devi and by

examining other witnesses, the prosecution has established and proved that

on the earlier day/night, there were quarrels and that the accused Raju and

others gave threats to the deceased. It is submitted that therefore in the facts

and circumstances of the case, when the prosecution has established the

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motive and the circumstances which led to the conclusion that the accused

committed the murder of the deceased, both the learned Trial Court as well as

the High Court have rightly convicted the accused for the offence under

Section 302/34 IPC. It is submitted that the medical evidence – postmortem

report proves that the deceased was murdered/killed.

5.2 Making above submissions, it is prayed to dismiss the present appeals.

6. Heard the learned counsel for the respective parties at length.

7. We have gone through the judgment and order passed by the learned

Trial Court as well as the impugned judgment and order passed by the High

Court. We have also re-appreciated the entire evidence on record.

7.1 At the outset, it is required to be noted that the case rests on the

circumstantial evidence. There is no direct evidence by which it can be said

that the appellants killed or committed the murder of the deceased. There is

no direct evidence recorded indicating involvement of the appellants in the

crime and as observed hereinabove, the case of the prosecution is based on

the circumstantial evidence. As held by this Court in a catena of decisions, in

case of a circumstantial evidence, the circumstances, taken cumulatively,

should form a chain so complete that there is no escape from the conclusion

that within all human probability the crime was committed by the accused and

none else and the circumstantial evidence in order to sustain conviction must

be complete and incapable of explanation of any other hypothesis than that of

the guilt of the accused and such evidence should not only be consistent with

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the guilt of the accused but should be inconsistent with his innocence.

7.2 In the case of Babu v. State of Kerala, (2010) 9 SCC 189, it is observed

and held in paras 22 to 24 as under :

“22. In Krishnan v. State [(2008) 15 SCC 430], this Court after

considering a large number of its earlier judgments observed as

follows : (SCC p. 435, para 15)

‘15. … This Court in a series of decisions has

consistently held that when a case rests upon

circumstantial evidence, such evidence must satisfy

the following tests:

(i) the circumstances from which an inference

of guilt is sought to be drawn, must be cogently and

firmly established;

(ii) those circumstances should be of definite

tendency unerringly pointing towards guilt of the

accused;

(iii) the circumstances, taken cumulatively,

should form a chain so complete that there is no

escape from the conclusion that within all human

probability the crime was committed by the accused

and none else; and

(iv) the circumstantial evidence in order to

sustain conviction must be complete and incapable

of explanation of any other hypothesis than that of

the guilt of the accused and such evidence should

not only be consistent with the guilt of the accused

but should be inconsistent with his innocence.

(See Gambhir v. State of Maharashtra [(1982) 2

SCC 351].)’

23. In Sharad Birdhichand Sarda v. State of

Maharashtra [(1984) 4 SCC 116] while dealing with

circumstantial evidence, it has been held that the onus was on

the prosecution to prove that the chain is complete and the

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infirmity or lacuna in prosecution cannot be cured by false

defence or plea. The conditions precedent before conviction

could be based on circumstantial evidence, must be fully

established. They are : (SCC p. 185, para 153)

(i) the circumstances from which the

conclusion of guilt is to be drawn should be fully

established. The circumstances concerned “must”

or “should” and not “may be” established;

(ii) the facts so established should be

consistent only with the hypothesis of the guilt of

the accused, that is to say, they should not be

explainable on any other hypothesis except that the

accused is guilty;

(iii) the circumstances should be of a

conclusive nature and tendency;

(iv) they should exclude every possible

hypothesis except the one to be proved; and

(v) there must be a chain of evidence so

complete as not to leave any reasonable ground for

the conclusion consistent with the innocence of the

accused and must show that in all human

probability the act must have been done by the

accused.

A similar view has been reiterated by this Court in State of

U.P. v. Satish [(2005) 3 SCC 114] and Pawan v. State of

Uttaranchal [(2009) 15 SCC 259].

24. In Subramaniam v. State of T.N. [(2009) 14 SCC 415], while

considering the case of dowry death, this Court observed that

the fact of living together is a strong circumstance but that by

alone in absence of any evidence of violence on the deceased

cannot be held to be conclusive proof, and there must be some

evidence to arrive at a conclusion that the husband and

husband alone was responsible therefor. The evidence

produced by the prosecution should not be of such a nature

that may make the conviction of the appellant unsustainable.

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(See Ramesh Bhai v. State of Rajasthan [(2009) 12 SCC

603]).”

(emphasis supplied)”

7.3 In the case of G. Parshwanath Vs. State of Karnataka, (2010) 8 SCC

593 in paras 23 and 24, it is observed and held as under :

“23. In cases where evidence is of a circumstantial nature, the

circumstances from which the conclusion of guilt is to be drawn

should, in the first instance, be fully established. Each fact

sought to be relied upon must be proved individually. However,

in applying this principle a distinction must be made between

facts called primary or basic on the one hand and inference of

facts to be drawn from them on the other. In regard to proof of

primary facts, the court has to judge the evidence and decide

whether that evidence proves a particular fact and if that fact is

proved, the question whether that fact leads to an inference of

guilt of the accused person should be considered. In dealing

with this aspect of the problem, the doctrine of benefit of doubt

applies. Although there should not be any missing links in the

case, yet it is not essential that each of the links must appear

on the surface of the evidence adduced and some of these

links may have to be inferred from the proved facts. In drawing

these inferences, the court must have regard to the common

course of natural events and to human conduct and their

relations to the facts of the particular case. The court thereafter

has to consider the effect of proved facts.

24. In deciding the sufficiency of the circumstantial evidence for

the purpose of conviction, the court has to consider the total

cumulative effect of all the proved facts, each one of which

reinforces the conclusion of guilt and if the combined effect of

all these facts taken together is conclusive in establishing the

guilt of the accused, the conviction would be justified even

though it may be that one or more of these facts by itself or

themselves is/are not decisive. The facts established should be

consistent only with the hypothesis of the guilt of the accused

and should exclude every hypothesis except the one sought to

be proved. But this does not mean that before the prosecution

can succeed in a case resting upon circumstantial evidence

alone, it must exclude each and every hypothesis suggested by

the accused, howsoever, extravagant and fanciful it might be.

There must be a chain of evidence so complete as not to leave

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any reasonable ground for the conclusion consistent with the

innocence of the accused and must show that in all human

probability the act must have been done by the accused, where

various links in chain are in themselves complete, then the

false plea or false defence may be called into aid only to lend

assurance to the court.”

7.4 A similar view is taken by this Court in the subsequent decisions in the

case of Mohd. Younus Ali Tarafdar (supra) and Anwar Ali and Anr. (supra).

7.5 Applying the law laid down by this Court in the aforesaid decisions to the

facts of the case on hand, it is to be considered, whether in the facts and

circumstances of the case, the High Court and the Trial Court are justified in

convicting the accused for the offence punishable under Section 302/34 of the

IPC ?

7.6 On considering the deposition of PW-6, who can be said to be the star

witness and on whose deposition the appellants - accused are held guilty for

the offence punishable under Section 302/34 IPC, even it cannot be said that

the prosecution has established and proved that the accused were last seen

together with the deceased. In the examination-in-chief, PW-6 has stated that

after some quarrel, the grandmother took the deceased to the room where the

deceased went to sleep. That thereafter she also gone to sleep and when in

the morning she woke up, she came to know that her papa was found hanging

on the tree. In the cross-examination, she has specifically stated that she has

not seen anybody beating her father. Thus, there is no evidence that the

accused were seen last together with the deceased. There is no evidence

what happened after the deceased went to the room and had gone to sleep.

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7.7 Under the circumstances, the prosecution has failed to prove the guilt

and complete chain of events, which may lead to the only conclusion that the

appellants - accused alone committed murder and/or killed the deceased.

Under the circumstances and applying the law laid down by this Court in the

aforesaid decisions on circumstantial evidence, we are of the opinion that the

Trial Court as well as the High Court have committed a very serious error in

convicting the appellants – accused for the offence under Section 302/34 IPC

based on such circumstantial evidence. The conviction of the appellants -

accused for the offence under Section 302/34 IPC is not sustainable.

8. In view of the above and for the reasons stated above, both the appeals

succeed. The judgment and order of conviction passed by the learned Trial

Court as well as the High Court convicting the appellants – original accused

for the offence punishable under Section 302/34 IPC are hereby quashed and

set aside and the accused are acquitted for the offence for which they are

convicted. The appellants accused be released forthwith, if not required in

any other case.

Present appeals are accordingly allowed.

………………………………….J.

 [M.R. SHAH]

NEW DELHI; ………………………………….J.

SEPTEMBER 19, 2022. [KRISHNA MURARI]

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ITEM NO.1503 COURT NO.8 SECTION II

(For Judgment)

 S U P R E M E C O U R T O F I N D I A

 RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS

 Criminal Appeal No. 1559/2022

RAJU @ RAJENDRA PRASAD Appellant(s)

 VERSUS

STATE OF RAJASTHAN Respondent(s)

(FOR ADMISSION and I.R. IA No.41304/2022-EXEMPTION FROM FILING

O.T.)

WITH

Crl.A. No. 1560/2022 (II)

(FOR ADMISSION and I.R. and IA No.59503/2020-EXEMPTION FROM FILING

O.T. and IA No.59505/2020-EXEMPTION FROM FILING AFFIDAVIT)

Date : 19-09-2022 This appeal was called on for pronouncement of

judgment today.

For Appellant(s) Ms. Sangeeta Kumar, AOR

Ms. Vidushi Garg, Adv.

Ms. Vithika Garg, Adv.

Ms. Chitrangda Rastravara, Adv.

Mr. Manvendra Singh, Adv.

Mr. Dashrath Singh, Adv.

Mr. Abhijeet Singh, Adv.

Ms. Gunjan Negi, Adv.

Mr. Shiv Autar Singh Sengar, Adv.

Mr. Aditya Pratap Singh Chauhan, Adv.

Mr. Aishwarya Mishra, Adv.

Gp. Capt. Karan Singh Bhati, AOR

For Respondent(s) Ms. Gurkirat Kaur, Adv.

Ms. Asiya, Adv.

 Mr. Milind Kumar, AOR

 Hon’ble Mr. Justice M.R. Shah has pronounced the reportable

judgment of the Bench comprising His Lordship and Hon’ble Mr.

Justice Krishna Murari.

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The operative part of the reportable judgment reads as under-

“In view of the above and for the reasons stated above,

both the appeals succeed. The judgment and order of

conviction passed by the learned Trial Court as well as

the High Court convicting the appellants – original

accused for the offence punishable under Section 302/34

IPC are hereby quashed and set aside and the accused are

acquitted for the offence for which they are convicted.

The appellants accused be released forthwith, if not

required in any other case.

Present appeals are accordingly allowed.”

Pending applications, if any, stand disposed of.

(NEETU SACHDEVA) (NISHA TRIPATHI)

ASTT. REGISTRAR-cum-PS ASSISTANT REGISTRAR

(signed reportable judgment is placed on the file)

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