91st Amendment in Constitution of India | 91 Constitutional Amendment
91st Amendment in Constitution of India
THE CONSTITUTION (NINETY-FIRST AMENDMENT) ACT, 2003
An Act further to amend the Constitution of India.
BE it enacted by Parliament in the Fifty-fourth Year of the Republic of
India as follows:-
1. This Act may be called the Constitution (Ninety-first Amendment)
Act, 2003.
Short title.
2. In article 75 of the Constitution, after clause (1), the following clauses
shall be inserted, namely:--
Amendment of
article 75.
“(1A) The total number of Ministers, including the Prime
Minister, in the Council of Ministers shall not exceed fifteen per cent. of
the total number of members of the House of the People.
(1B) A member of either House of Parliament belonging to any
political party who is disqualified for being a member of that House
under paragraph 2 of the Tenth Schedule shall also be disqualified to be
appointed as a Minister under clause (1) for duration of the period
commencing from the date of his disqualification till the date on which
the term of his office as such member would expire or where he contests
any election to either House of Parliament before the expiry of such
period, till the date on which he is declared elected, whichever is
earlier.”.
Amendment of
article 164.
3. In article 164 of the Constitution, after clause (1), the following
clauses shall be inserted, namely:--
“(1A) The total number of Ministers, including the Chief
Minister, in the Council of Ministers in a State shall not exceed fifteen
per cent. of the total number of members of the Legislative Assembly of
that State:
Provided that the number of Ministers, including Chief
Minister in a State shall not be less than twelve:
Provided further that where the total number of Ministers
including the Chief Minister in the Council of Ministers in any State at
the commencement of the Constitution (Ninety-first Amendment) Act,
2003 exceeds the said fifteen per cent. or the number specified in the
first proviso, as the case may be, then, the total number of Ministers in
that State shall be brought in conformity with the provisions of this
clause within six months from such date as the President may by public
notification appoint.
(1B) A member of Legislative Assembly of a State or either House
of the Legislature of a State having Legislative Council belonging to
any political party who is disqualified for being a member of that House
under paragraph 2 of the Tenth Schedule shall also be disqualified to be
appointed as a Minister under clause (1) for duration of the period
commencing from the date of his disqualification till the date on which
the term of his office as such member would expire or where he contests
any election to the Legislative Assembly of a State or either House of the
Legislature of a State having Legislative Council, as the case may be,
before the expiry of such period, till the date on which he is declared
elected, whichever is earlier.”.
Insertion of new
article 361B.
4. After article 361A of the Constitution, the following article shall be
inserted, namely:--
Disqualification
for appointment
on remunerative
political post.
‘361B. A member of a House belonging to any political party who
is disqualified for being a member of the House under paragraph 2 of the
Tenth Schedule shall also be disqualified to hold any remunerative
political post for duration of the period commencing from the date of his
disqualification till the date on which the term of his office as such
member would expire or till the date on which he contests an election to
a House and is declared elected, whichever is earlier.
Explanation.—For the purposes of this article,--
(a) the expression “House” has the meaning assigned to it in
clause (a) of paragraph 1 of the Tenth Schedule;
2
(b) the expression “remunerative political post” means any
office—
(i) under the Government of India or the Government
of a State where the salary or remuneration for such office is
paid out of the public revenue of the Government of India or
the Government of the State, as the case may be; or
(ii) under a body, whether incorporated or not, which
is wholly or partially owned by the Government of India or
the Government of a State and the salary or remuneration
for such office is paid by such body,
except where such salary or remuneration paid is compensatory in
nature.’.
5. In the Tenth Schedule to the Constitution,--
(a) in paragraph 1, in clause (b), the words and figure “paragraph 3
or, as the case may be,” shall be omitted;
(b) in paragraph 2, in sub-paragraph (1), for the words and figures
“paragraphs 3, 4 and 5”, the words and figures “paragraphs 4 and 5”
shall be substituted;
(c) paragraph 3 shall be omitted.
Amendment of the
Tenth Schedule.
3
STATEMENT OF OBJECTS AND REASONS
Demands have been made from time to time in certain quarters for strengthening and
amending the Anti-defection Law as contained in the Tenth Schedule to the Constitution of
India, on the ground that these provisions have not been able to achieve the desired goal of
checking defections. The Tenth Schedule has also been criticised on the ground that it allows
bulk defections while declaring individual defections as illegal. The provisions for exemption
from disqualification in case of splits as provided in paragraph 3 of the Tenth Schedule to the
Constitution of India has, in particular, come under severe criticism on account of its
destablilising effect on the Government.
2. The Committee on Electoral Reforms (Dinesh Goswami Committee) in its report of
May, 1990, the Law Commission of India in its 170th Report on “Reform of Electoral Laws”
(1999) and the National Commission to Review the Working of the Constitution (NCRWC) in
its report of March 31, 2002 have, inter alia, recommended omission of said paragraph 3 of the
Tenth Schedule to the Constitution of India pertaining to exemption from disqualification in
case of splits. The NCRWC is also of the view that a defector should be penalised for his action
by debarring him from holding any public office as a Minister or any other remunerative
political post for at least the duration of the remaining term of the existing Legislature or until,
the next fresh elections whichever is earlier. It is proposed to accept these suggestions.
3. The NCRWC has also observed that abnormally large Councils of Ministers were
being constituted by various Governments at Centre and States and this practice had to be
prohibited by law and that a ceiling on the number of Ministers in a State or the Union
Government be fixed at the maximum of 10% of the total strength of the popular House of the
Legislature.
4. In the light of the above, it is proposed to amend the Constitution by omitting
paragraph 3 of the Tenth Schedule to the Constitution of India and to provide that the size of the
Council of Ministers should not be more than 10% of the strength of House or Houses
concerned whether Unicameral or Bicameral. However, in case of smaller States like Sikkim,
Mizoram and Goa having 32, 40 and 40 Members in the Legislative Assemblies respectively, a
minimum strength of seven Ministers is proposed.
5. The Bill seeks to achieve the objects mentioned above.
ARUN JAITLEY.
NEW DELHI;
The 26th April, 2003.
4
ANNEXURE
EXTRACTS FROM THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA
* * * * *
TENTH SCHEDULE
[Articles 102(2) and 191(2)]
Provisions as to disqualification on ground of defection
1. Interpretation.—In this Schedule, unless the context otherwise requires,--
* * * * *
(b) “legislature party”, in relation to a member of a House belonging to any
political party in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 2 or paragraph 3 or, as the
case may be, paragraph 4, means the group consisting of all the members of that House
for the time being belonging to that political party in accordance with the said provisions.
* * * * *
2. Disqualification on ground of defection.—(1) Subject to the provisions of paragraphs
3, 4 and 5, a member of a House belonging to any political party shall be disqualified for being
a member of the House—
* * * * *
3. Disqualification on ground of defection not to apply in case of split.—Where a
member of a House makes a claim that he and any other members of his legislature party
constitute the group representing a faction which has arisen as a result of a split in his original
political party and such group consists of not less than one-third of the members of such
legislature party,--
(a) he shall not be disqualified under sub-paragraph (1) of paragraph 2 on the
ground--
(i) that he has voluntarily given up his membership of his original political
party; or
(ii) that he has voted or abstained from voting in such House contrary to
any direction issued by such party or by any person or authority authorised by it in
that behalf without obtaining the prior permission of such party, person or authority
and such voting or abstention has not been condoned by such party, person or
authority within fifteen days from the date of such voting or abstention; and
(b) from the time of such split, such faction shall be deemed to be the political party
to which he belongs for the purposes of sub-paragraph (1) of paragraph 2 and to be his
original political party for the purposes of this paragraph.
* * * * *
5
LOK SABHA
_______
A
BILL
further to amend the Constitution of India.
_________
(As passed by the Houses of Parliament)
***
91st Amendment in Constitution of India
 |
| 91st Amendment in Constitution of India |
THE CONSTITUTION (NINETY-FIRST AMENDMENT) ACT, 2003
An Act further to amend the Constitution of India.
BE it enacted by Parliament in the Fifty-fourth Year of the Republic of
India as follows:-
1. This Act may be called the Constitution (Ninety-first Amendment)
Act, 2003.
Short title.
2. In article 75 of the Constitution, after clause (1), the following clauses
shall be inserted, namely:--
Amendment of
article 75.
“(1A) The total number of Ministers, including the Prime
Minister, in the Council of Ministers shall not exceed fifteen per cent. of
the total number of members of the House of the People.
(1B) A member of either House of Parliament belonging to any
political party who is disqualified for being a member of that House
under paragraph 2 of the Tenth Schedule shall also be disqualified to be
appointed as a Minister under clause (1) for duration of the period
commencing from the date of his disqualification till the date on which
the term of his office as such member would expire or where he contests
any election to either House of Parliament before the expiry of such
period, till the date on which he is declared elected, whichever is
earlier.”.
Amendment of
article 164.
3. In article 164 of the Constitution, after clause (1), the following
clauses shall be inserted, namely:--
“(1A) The total number of Ministers, including the Chief
Minister, in the Council of Ministers in a State shall not exceed fifteen
per cent. of the total number of members of the Legislative Assembly of
that State:
Provided that the number of Ministers, including Chief
Minister in a State shall not be less than twelve:
Provided further that where the total number of Ministers
including the Chief Minister in the Council of Ministers in any State at
the commencement of the Constitution (Ninety-first Amendment) Act,
2003 exceeds the said fifteen per cent. or the number specified in the
first proviso, as the case may be, then, the total number of Ministers in
that State shall be brought in conformity with the provisions of this
clause within six months from such date as the President may by public
notification appoint.
(1B) A member of Legislative Assembly of a State or either House
of the Legislature of a State having Legislative Council belonging to
any political party who is disqualified for being a member of that House
under paragraph 2 of the Tenth Schedule shall also be disqualified to be
appointed as a Minister under clause (1) for duration of the period
commencing from the date of his disqualification till the date on which
the term of his office as such member would expire or where he contests
any election to the Legislative Assembly of a State or either House of the
Legislature of a State having Legislative Council, as the case may be,
before the expiry of such period, till the date on which he is declared
elected, whichever is earlier.”.
Insertion of new
article 361B.
4. After article 361A of the Constitution, the following article shall be
inserted, namely:--
Disqualification
for appointment
on remunerative
political post.
‘361B. A member of a House belonging to any political party who
is disqualified for being a member of the House under paragraph 2 of the
Tenth Schedule shall also be disqualified to hold any remunerative
political post for duration of the period commencing from the date of his
disqualification till the date on which the term of his office as such
member would expire or till the date on which he contests an election to
a House and is declared elected, whichever is earlier.
Explanation.—For the purposes of this article,--
(a) the expression “House” has the meaning assigned to it in
clause (a) of paragraph 1 of the Tenth Schedule;
2
(b) the expression “remunerative political post” means any
office—
(i) under the Government of India or the Government
of a State where the salary or remuneration for such office is
paid out of the public revenue of the Government of India or
the Government of the State, as the case may be; or
(ii) under a body, whether incorporated or not, which
is wholly or partially owned by the Government of India or
the Government of a State and the salary or remuneration
for such office is paid by such body,
except where such salary or remuneration paid is compensatory in
nature.’.
5. In the Tenth Schedule to the Constitution,--
(a) in paragraph 1, in clause (b), the words and figure “paragraph 3
or, as the case may be,” shall be omitted;
(b) in paragraph 2, in sub-paragraph (1), for the words and figures
“paragraphs 3, 4 and 5”, the words and figures “paragraphs 4 and 5”
shall be substituted;
(c) paragraph 3 shall be omitted.
Amendment of the
Tenth Schedule.
3
STATEMENT OF OBJECTS AND REASONS
Demands have been made from time to time in certain quarters for strengthening and
amending the Anti-defection Law as contained in the Tenth Schedule to the Constitution of
India, on the ground that these provisions have not been able to achieve the desired goal of
checking defections. The Tenth Schedule has also been criticised on the ground that it allows
bulk defections while declaring individual defections as illegal. The provisions for exemption
from disqualification in case of splits as provided in paragraph 3 of the Tenth Schedule to the
Constitution of India has, in particular, come under severe criticism on account of its
destablilising effect on the Government.
2. The Committee on Electoral Reforms (Dinesh Goswami Committee) in its report of
May, 1990, the Law Commission of India in its 170th Report on “Reform of Electoral Laws”
(1999) and the National Commission to Review the Working of the Constitution (NCRWC) in
its report of March 31, 2002 have, inter alia, recommended omission of said paragraph 3 of the
Tenth Schedule to the Constitution of India pertaining to exemption from disqualification in
case of splits. The NCRWC is also of the view that a defector should be penalised for his action
by debarring him from holding any public office as a Minister or any other remunerative
political post for at least the duration of the remaining term of the existing Legislature or until,
the next fresh elections whichever is earlier. It is proposed to accept these suggestions.
3. The NCRWC has also observed that abnormally large Councils of Ministers were
being constituted by various Governments at Centre and States and this practice had to be
prohibited by law and that a ceiling on the number of Ministers in a State or the Union
Government be fixed at the maximum of 10% of the total strength of the popular House of the
Legislature.
4. In the light of the above, it is proposed to amend the Constitution by omitting
paragraph 3 of the Tenth Schedule to the Constitution of India and to provide that the size of the
Council of Ministers should not be more than 10% of the strength of House or Houses
concerned whether Unicameral or Bicameral. However, in case of smaller States like Sikkim,
Mizoram and Goa having 32, 40 and 40 Members in the Legislative Assemblies respectively, a
minimum strength of seven Ministers is proposed.
5. The Bill seeks to achieve the objects mentioned above.
ARUN JAITLEY.
NEW DELHI;
The 26th April, 2003.
4
ANNEXURE
EXTRACTS FROM THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA
* * * * *
TENTH SCHEDULE
[Articles 102(2) and 191(2)]
Provisions as to disqualification on ground of defection
1. Interpretation.—In this Schedule, unless the context otherwise requires,--
* * * * *
(b) “legislature party”, in relation to a member of a House belonging to any
political party in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 2 or paragraph 3 or, as the
case may be, paragraph 4, means the group consisting of all the members of that House
for the time being belonging to that political party in accordance with the said provisions.
* * * * *
2. Disqualification on ground of defection.—(1) Subject to the provisions of paragraphs
3, 4 and 5, a member of a House belonging to any political party shall be disqualified for being
a member of the House—
* * * * *
3. Disqualification on ground of defection not to apply in case of split.—Where a
member of a House makes a claim that he and any other members of his legislature party
constitute the group representing a faction which has arisen as a result of a split in his original
political party and such group consists of not less than one-third of the members of such
legislature party,--
(a) he shall not be disqualified under sub-paragraph (1) of paragraph 2 on the
ground--
(i) that he has voluntarily given up his membership of his original political
party; or
(ii) that he has voted or abstained from voting in such House contrary to
any direction issued by such party or by any person or authority authorised by it in
that behalf without obtaining the prior permission of such party, person or authority
and such voting or abstention has not been condoned by such party, person or
authority within fifteen days from the date of such voting or abstention; and
(b) from the time of such split, such faction shall be deemed to be the political party
to which he belongs for the purposes of sub-paragraph (1) of paragraph 2 and to be his
original political party for the purposes of this paragraph.
* * * * *
5
LOK SABHA
_______
A
BILL
further to amend the Constitution of India.
_________
(As passed by the Houses of Parliament)
***
91st Amendment in Constitution of India
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